Publications

What we learn from the new International...
06 December 2025 What we learn from the new International Debt Statistics on the hidden debt of Senegal

Last month, the IMF announced that it estimated public debt in Senegal at 132% of GDP in end-2024, or more than $43 billion, compared to an estimate 80% of GDP just 2 years earlier. The IMF Mission Chief stated that...

New Tool: FDL – Multilateral Finan...
26 November 2025 New Tool: FDL – Multilateral Finance Tracker

Introducing the FDL - MULTILATERAL FINANCE TRACKER by Simon DESMET & Martin KESSLER How much did the largest multilateral institutions lend in 2024, at a time where high interest rates put pressure on developing countries? How are they reacting to...

Country platforms in the context of risi...
04 November 2025 Country platforms in the context of rising sovereign debt levels

Climate change's impacts are escalating globally. Embattled countries need enormous investment to allow them to transition to clean energy and adapt to a rapidly changing climate. While finance for sustainable, low-carbon development is critical, it must be channelled in a...